Modelling of energy transition as an optimization problem: is it possible to achieve energy transition in France without renewable energy research?

Open Access

Fig. 11

French energy mix following the scenario D, with t_f = 400 years and with S_x(0) = 3 billion kilograms. Purple and red vertical dashed lines respectively define dates, 2110 and 2200, for which total fossil fuel consumption overtakes power generation carbon budget of France to maintain global warming below 1.5 and 2 ^°C.

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