Images showing the effect of negative training on an R-CNN. In this comparison we are considering only the sizes and positions of the bounding boxes, as the R-CNN has classified them all as lenses with confidences ≥90%. The top image has had no negative training, while the bottom image has. Negative training has had a significant positive effect as all false positives have been removed, and the correct label box has been cropped significantly. Credit to ESA for the original image.